dear friends, i have migrated to a new blog since early December ‘2009. Kindly visit martinchhangte.blogspot.com. I have more or less abandonED this blog.com for obvious reason(s). Thanks and see you all at my new blog.

( LALVARMOI BUONGPUI 1949-1994)

After months of suffering my mom’s vital organs had started to fail. She started getting comatose. At the clinic during her last days I used to sit with her- drenched in the grief that spills from her every action. Whenever she opened her eyes she would see me pounding my BA second year books. With a measure of satisfaction, she would say “ keep on studying, Boiha… I feel proud that both of you have done fairly well in your studies. I’ll be by you side on your convocation day to applaud your….” Before she could complete the sentence her deep black eyes dilate in horror and her hands trembled. She tried to raise herself but only managed to lift her head before collapsing on to the pillow.

A couple of hours later, as I was emerging from the bathroom, I overheard her shriek, “Doctor, but..but I have two young children! I need to live! It’s no time for me to die yet!” Inhaling deeply and wincing in pain, she pleads “ O Lord, I have no desire to live in this weariful world any longer, but see my children-they are just too young. As their single-parent how can I be at peace when they are struggling to learn a brand new life out of the shadow of their mother- that too in an alien land. I fret and frightened at the senseless, visceral deprivation my two innocents would be subjected to…” She then turned towards the old nurse “ Baidew, Can you imagine what it’s like waiting to die? Not knowing what will happen to your children? Where is God in all of this?” Struggling to keep my own composure, I squeezed her hand “ Mom, Jesus will take care for both of us. He’s in control. Hold on to your faith.”

I saw a lot of my mother – her resilience in the face of heavy odds, her extraordinary love and dedication for me and for my sister, in the ensuing days. I had so far learnt those account of hers in many disjointed pieces, the individual bits sounding normal enough on their own, but the whole somehow difficult to picture now, viewed through the prism of a disease that threatened to wrench our mooring and cast us adrift into uncharted emotional void. Each day her body seemed to shrunk a little more in the bed. Her face is sallow and her eyes sunken yet she still manages to muster a smile to me.

“ I worry sometimes that I’m not a good mother.” She told me on one occasion. “You’re a wonderful mother,” I quickly reassured her. “ I and Boihi seem to think you’re the best and the godly heritage that you imparted to us will always be an indelible part of our memory.”

My mother worked hard to support us. She often works double shifts as well as taking night classes to improve her skills. Even so, there was never enough money for the necessities let alone luxuries. At 33, I now understand how difficult and lonely at world to be a single-parent. At the end of a long day, she would have wished there were someone she could lean on, to share the burden and to talk to – to love her. Instead, for my mother there is often more worry, more work. She wanted us to be successful and to have a better life than she’s had. But there are so many distractions that conspired against success.

She also had to ward off many suitors. She told her suitors that even though she’s not married, she’s not really single either. “I come with my children as a set and have a life time relationship with them” she would say. Even as she sacrificed so many pleasures to pay for our school fees and other needs we didn’t care. Our demands kept increasing. Yet she never complained. She felt pleased and proud as we climbed the rungs of the ladder she firmly held with her rough hands.

But the agony she felt as she began to peel away her memories of my father, the marriage, the travails of piecing her life from scratch, the traversed from Ngopa in Mizoram to NC Hills and thence to Golaghat in Assam, was thick and overwhelming. Her hands shook like dry leaves in the wind,voiced choked and blinked, and tears welled in her eyes. She didn’t say exactly what her role had been, but in a tremulous voice she said ” God has given me a heritage but i botched it. Though am at peace now with my saviour i have only one regret: that you and boihi did not know the love of a father. The Lord not only has forgiven me but also moulded me through difficulties and….”. Her voice trailed off as i fought back tears

After a few minutes, she took a deep breath and pronounced, “Boiha, the brook will run dry and everything you relied on or found security in, will vanish. When this happen read the word of God in I Kings 17:9. Don’t cry over your brook. Though you may miss your brook, you will not miss God.” As i held her hand tightly, she was drowsed by sleep that hung heavily upon her eyelids. It was the final death that had taken its citadel upon her frail,ailing flame. I had believed that she would reopen her eyes with a smile and explain her last word, another day. That another day never came. Being released from her bonds of frail, mortal flesh, she is now alive in the arms of Jesus.

It was 09:25 hours when i landed Shamsabad Airport from Mumbai. As i emerged from the swank airport, my driver, Srinivas welcomed me with open arms.” Saar, its so nice meeting you again. I have a special liking for you. for your….” he gushed. “Chup!! “am not in good mood to listen to such glib talk” i snapped his talk. He fell silent. I regret having silenced him.

When i reached my office at Saifabad, i felt i need to talk. The question is to whom? The Great Love of My Life, but she’s as good as dead to me atleast for now, and hasn’t yet emerged as…..Yesterday she texted me “Ole. ka rn ti dn nya” but that became just a… which only reinforced my trepidation if not my fearful foreboding. How life can change in just one week! One day one is wonderful and spontaneous, and the next it’s like trying to resurrect the dead. I suppose that says it all.

At lunch break i visited Chakhei and co at Abids but found only Hrualai in their room. I lectured some career and reading tips and left for my office again.In my office two ICCR scholars were waiting for me for approval of their grant applications. But i requested them to come on 27th November. As i was sitting alone, Ulrich Scaffer poem “INTO YOUR LIGHT’ comes to my mind.

My life is full of apprehension
and i am engaged in a struggle
that takes all energy

Sometimes i am just hanging
on
inspite of myself
looking for signs
hoping for miracles

I am supposed that i am
that i am still here
in the middle of life

and i become aware of Grace

November 23,2009

When i arrived back in Mumbai from Delhi early this morning, i was surprised to see Walter (the husband of Annet who was killed in a tragic road accident on Friday) waiting for me at the Airport. I did not know that he also lost his father a forthnight. He told me that he did not get a wink of sleep last night.The aggregate grief and swarm of feelings must have been overwhelming him.”I got to bare you out something very secret to you. That bitch, Ameeta” he insisted. As i too had suffered a devastating personal loss, i thought i could render him and Annet’s mom solace and comfort by saying the right words and doing the right things. On the way he told me how

But when we reached his residence at Versova, i was overcome by the rush of memories.Words never came. I felt so inadequate. I realized then that human-to-human help has limits.Then out of the blue, i received a text message ” the court hearing for tomorrow has been cancelled, a new date will be decided soon”. I recalled my poem written four years ago at this very place when the doctor declared that my sister had only a few months left to live in this world. That day will live indelibly in my mind.

For years now the night has embraced me
I put up no resistance
Perhaps because i like to hide in its dark
to think about those who lost their arms holding on to others.
Who submerged in divine delirium
whispered old words
You’d think they’d stayed outside time.
The hours bear venom underneath
the body of time chopped up
for your sake, wild dogs fight.

It’s none of my business
I allow the night, its black to cover me
I have no fingers to feel
the images that enter through the crevices and stare at me
as if looking for atonement in my eyes.

To my words that penetrated my dark
I put up no resistance
I allow the black to cover me.

( st.JOhN 15:4) Janpath, New DElhi.., 22nd November’2009 at 1950hrs

This morning as i knelt down to pray and opened my daily scripture reading book, i was flummoxed, or rather revolted by this passage. In a world of rampant immorality,dishonesty, injustice and crime, how can one abide in Him every second? Is Jesus really biding me to abide in Him even amidst the hustle bustle of the day? Impossible!blah…

As a Christian i have a work to do. But as we all know, whenever we tried, the cares of this world subtly creep up on us, diverting our attention away from the High calling our Creator has given us. We grow lethargic and spend more and more time away from the things of God, and less and less time worshipping, serving and communicating with Him. To be candid, i hardly spend even fifteen minutes in daily devotional prayer.

As i reflect on this passage, i realized how easily the focus of my life shifts gradually away from GOd. I am now finding myself caught up in the stress, concerns,trials, pain, headaches and heartaches of life ALONE. I flew down to Delhi from Mumbai yesterday to consult frends and lawyers for a Tuesday showdown in a Mumbai court. This urgency, not God has dictated my schedule here in Delhi so much that i did not have time for a fellowship with my brethren even today.

Then, a theologian friend has an interesting answer: “Martin, you and your girlfriend do not spend every minute together, but once both of you are commited, you go through your days knowing that she belong to you and vice versa.” Jesus knows that we cannot spend every waking moment in prayer orin reading the Bible. What we have to do is to…(to be concluded tomorrow)

It was not the way i’d expected to spend this Friday.

The early morning phone call woke me up as a strange voice on the other end asked if i was the late Mary Chhangte’s lone brother. It was an emergency room from Breach Candy Hospital. Annette Rodriques, a faithful aunt, who has been a crucial witness in the case ,apart from being our help over the years had been run over by a speeding truck. She was unconscious and the doctor gave her 10 per cent chance of pulling through.

The doctor at Breach Candy told me that she frantically called out my name before she lapsed into coma. With little chance of her regaining consciousness, i left for Bandra to attend the court hearing. Within hour, her mother rang and told me that she unable to bear the excruciating pain, just gave up the ghost. I was thunderstruck. But more shocks are in store for me in the courtroom. An important witness who was my sister best friend for over ten years, whom i believed in absolutely, turned hostile and even made uncharitable remarks against my late sister and our family’s upbringing.I was distraught.

I headed to Chowpatty where i used to serenade the beach ten years ago with my sister, i decided to give up. But as i recalled my salad days with my sister nostagically, i felt that to quit at this stage would be a disappointment to me, more than to anybody else. I would lose the one thing that i cherished most, my self-respect; that too in my own eyes.

As if just woken up from a deep slumber, i decidedly rise from the ashes and fight like a street cat. I discussed with my lawyer, and with Shruti flying down from Hyderabad to prop me up, we decided never to let our guard down.

Today at half-past twelve in the afternoon, as my plane touched down the tarmac of delhi Airport for consultation with my close friends and lawyers, i am convinced that if i can weather this storm, i will be able to weather anything. I crave the constant prayer support of friends and well-wishers.
Aw Lalpa i remruot dan hi mihriem na…. ka phur thiem nawh ie/
mihnem tu ding Lalpa ka ngai che, Beiseina pho nitar pek la zuipei ka ti che. Hnuoi Lal thungpha lel lallulkum hi, khu nawng langkhawm nang i um chun ka muongna ini.

(will return to Mumbai on Monday morning as the next hearing is scheduled for Tuesday)

(17th November,1977)
Mary Lalruatkimi Chhangte
( MBA-IIM-Ahmedabad), LLB
TODAY IS YOUR BIRTHDAY BUT NO CELEBRATIONS
“Put your arms around her,O LOrd
Don’t leave her on her own
For today is Boihi’s Birthday
Her third away from Mama”

Mawi tin reng
An vul reng lo
Vul tin reng
An mawi ber lo

Thliak mahse
A chuai chuang lo
A vul zual zel
I pianchampha ah hian

Ka rawn hlan che
Nghhilhlohna Par

(Translated into Mizo by PC Lalnghhinglova)
Introduction (Thu kamkeuna/Thuhmahruai) :-

Kum 2007 lai hawl khan Mizoram thingtlang khua te tlawhin chawlhkar nga vel lai hun ka hmang a.Chumi chhung chuan thil hrang hrang ka bihchian te zingah chuan; mizo te nunah, a bik takin thingtlang khaw kilkhawr takah te television leh a nghawng chungchanga mipui vantlang ngaihdan leh hmuhdan ka zir chiang a. Chuta ka mi kawm leh biangbiak zawng zawng deuh thaw te chuan television hi an duhin a programme hrang hrang te chu tha an tiin mi zirtirna fing zawk pe theitu, nun chawk hlim thei, hmasawnna thlentu leh Mizoram thingtlang khaw kilkhawr ber ber pawh tunlai khawvel hmasawnna nena thlunzawm theitu ah an ngai a ni. Nu pakhat, kum 82 mi; thildang engkim tih thulha Hindi serial lar tak “Kasouti Zindagi Kay” en hmaih ngai reng renglo te; dawrkai, khawtlang hruaitu atanga zirlai thlengin television chungchanga an ngaihdan chu a inang tham a ni.Mi tlemte a chunga kan sawite ngaihdan leh hmuhdan tawmpui ve vek lo tu , inkhawm peih tak takte pawhin Biak In ah inkhawma tawngtai aia Hindi film en thlang ta zawk tlat an awm mai hlau hi kohhran hruaitu, Mi thiam leh thil chik mi te zingah an awm ve thung a ni. Mi thiam leh thil chik mi thenkhat te chuan television avanga Mizo nuna Tlawmngaihna rilru tlak hniam telh telh nachhan hi thangthar zel te nunphung inthlak danglam chhoh zel vang ah an ngai. Vantlang rawngbawlna leh khawtlang nun chawikanna kawng hlamchhiah ta te hi commercial television(sumdawn nana hman television) nena thang lian za ho an nih loh vek pawhin nasa taka inkungkaih tlat te an ni hlawm. Heng television nena thanglian za thangthar te hian vantlang nun leh vantlang tana tha thawhna thil ah hrehna lian tak nei ngeiin an inhria a ni.

He thil hi ngaihdan dilchhut (thil chik) inthliar hrang(ngaihdan inanglo) leh chutiang ah chuan, leh lam leh lam ngaihdan in thudik a keng tel ve ve tlat bawk si a ni.Hei hi a dik a ni, thingtlang naupangte pawhin chiangtakin television hi thil lem nuam tak, mi hip leh aikaih thei tak thil a ni tih an sawi ngei ngei ang. Amah thlirtu te hi tun hmalama an khawvel hriat phak ngailoh leh tlawhdar phak loh nen a inzawm tir tlata, maktak maiin mi a tihlim miau bawk si. Mahse, television lehlam ah hian langsarlo zawk hmuhtheih thil a awm. Chu phuarna ata inphelh zalen thei tur erawh chuan thilpawikhawihlo, mi tihlimthei nihna piahlama sumdawn nana television hman dan a nihna hretthiam hi a ni. Khawvel a television hnathawh dan hi khawvela sumdawnna sukthlek dan leh innghahna thurin (ideology of globalising capitalism) nena han thlunzawm chiah hian amah leh amah hi rilru kuai peng thei leh hnam zia leh nunphung siam danglam thei tak thil chaktak a nihna hi a tilang nghal a ni. A thatlohna lam hi, chiang fek fawka in zirtir lovin fiah failo tak leh chianglo taka hriat thin a nih avang zawkin khawtlang a hruaitu te (community leaders) pawh hrilh hriat leh an rilru hneh a awlsam loh phah thin. He thuziakin a tarlan tumber tur chu television avanga lo buai phili lawkna leh thil thalo (thil duhawmlo) a rawn hrinchhuah hlauhna hi chiang kek kawk leh a tangkai zawng tura sawifiah a tum dawn a ni.

He thuziak hian television hmanga sumdawnna nihphung zau zawk leh; mimal, khawtlang leh hnam nunphung thlenga a nghawng dan a hailangin a pholang a ni.Heng thil chakna leh thil tih theihna (dynamics) hriatthiamna lairil tak chu television in thil sawisel kai zawnga mimal hlawk nana khawvela sumdawnna a siam tak hlutpui/hriatthiam pui hi a ni a—chu chu a hmangtu te siamchhuah (consumer creation) a ni. A hmangtu leh leitute hi mimal sumdawnna hlawk natura mi pawimawh ber ber te chu an ni. Hamthatna leh hmasawnna chuan mihring te hi neih belh tir zel a tum thin ang hian. Mihring khawsak ho nana thil pawimawh a nih avangin(mihring khawsak ho na a thil tel ve reng a nih avangin), a hmangtu (consumer) te chu hnathawk theilo (dysfunctional)/thuneihna nei tlem zawk an ni tih chiang takin a tilang a. A rilru awm dan leh ngaihtuahna (rilru puthmang) chu lungawi lohna, vantlang lak ata inlak hran na leh khawtlanga mawhphurhna ata fihlim ni a inhriatna bawr vel ah a kual vel a ni. Vantlang nunphung tha leh khawtlang nunhlimawm tak neih tum te tan chuan in fuihna hmanrua atan chuan thil thalo tak a niin a tangkailo kher ang le. Chutiang chu a nih avangin, Thingtlang khaw te leh kilkhawr tak Farkawn leh Sangau te anga sumdawnna television rawn lut hian tunlai khawvel thiamna hmanraw tangkai tih satliah piah lamah hian thil ken tel a neih chian zia a tilang a ni. Khawvel television hian tihdan hmang thuk zawk a rawn keng tel a, kawnghmang nei leh thiam tak maia vantlang laka mahni inlak hran tirna te leh hnam tihdan phung leh vantlang nun ho na a ngaihpawimawh hmasak tur te chu a rawn thiat darh a ni. Remhre tak leh fing taka hnam tihdan, nun dan phung leh tunlai khawvel zia leh nunphung te hi inrem leh hlimtaka kal kawp tir kan tum dawn a nih chuan, ram rorelna a thuneitu (policy makers) te hian television in mak danglam tak maia hnam nunphungah nghawng a neih nasat theih zia hi an hre ngei ngei tur a ni

PART 1 :- The Impacts of Television Viewing, Television and Cultural Distinction:-

Tunlai khawvel nunphunga television thil tihtheihna langsar ber mai chu, mi bengkhawnna leh ngaihtuahna a la peng rang thei em em mai leh chu chu hawikir tir leh tawh lova ama lamah a lo vawn sak zui nghal zel thei hi a ni. Entirnan, television chuan a thlirtute ngaihtuahna zawng zawng chu an bul vela thildang reng reng pawh a theihnghilh tir hmak thei thina, hun rei mangkheng pawh a nghilh zui tir fo thin reng a ni. Television kan han chhuah chiah hian; kan inkawmna leh kan ti ti bawrh bawrh pawh kan tawp hmak thei hial thin. Television a kan thil en a zirin kan ti ti hona ah chuan thin ram deuh hmukna te, hleih neih deuh ran na te lem channa nun te a thleng thin. An hun hlu tak, ngaihdan sawi hona hun, thil zir hona leh a hu ho a thil nakin hunlam lo thlir ho natur a hun tha tak tak an neih te chu television, hmai te tak te nei hian a lak bo sak zawk thin a ni. Kan nitin nuna then rual kan inkawmna te pawh hian television thlarauin min hneh theihna hi chu an tluk (tu dawl) tak tak theilo a nih hi.Kum 2006 a Nobel Prize dawngtu, Doris Lessing, South African thu ziak mi chuan kum 1950 a London a television in ama inchhung ngei a rah/luh ve hnua khawtlang nun eichhe zawnga television thil tihtheih zia mai chu hetiang hian a ma chanchin a ziahna lehkhabu ah a lo ziak tawh a ni.

`Denbigh Road ka chhuahsan hma tawh khan hun tha tawpna ni chu ka lo hmu tawh a, television rawn awm tak avanga nunphung duhawm tak boral tak na chu.Tunhma chuan, chhungkaw pa ber an hnathawhna atanga an in lum bela an rawn haw chuan dawhkan ah thingpui noin an lo nghak veng veng tawh ang nga, meilum nuam tak chu a lo inhlap ri hlep hlep bawk ang nga, kil khat atangin radio in rimawi lunglen thlak tak chu a rawn chhuah riai riai bawk ang nga, an inbual hnu ah muang marin an nupui fanau leh an chenpui zawng zawng te nen an thu ho dial dial ang. Thuk atang chuan an chaw an thur chhuak ang nga, chaw eikham lamah thingpui no an dawm za ang nga, tin beer an in ho za leh zel bawk ang nga, an kawrlum leh jacket te chu an hlip tawh ang, chung pa ho chu kawr ban bul ha in an thu ang a, an hrisel sensuah bawk ang. An zavaiin an tawng bawrh bawrh ang nga, a chang leh an zai ang nga, chhun lama an hun hman dan te an sawi ho ang nga, tawngkam bawlhhlawh pui pui an zep tel tan bawk ngei ang—chu chu an sakhaw serh leh sang ve chu a lo ni ta; an inhnial bur bur a, an invin tuar tuara, an in kiss nawk nawk bawk ang nga, zanlai dar 12 emaw dar khat vel ah an mu ve chauh ang nga, darkar ruk bawr vel hlimhlawp an bawl hnu ah chuan……..Tichuan, a nikhat ni atanga a tuk leh ah chuan—diktak chuan tlai khat atang a dawt leh tu chu hun hlimawm leh hlu tak tawp rupna ni chu a ni ta, television in he khawvel eng a rawn hmuh a Utawk ang zia zanga Choka kil pawimawh tak ah a lo thut vung tlat tak avangin. Hun reilote chhungin Choka chaw ei dawhkan chu bangsir ah hnawl a ni ta a, thutthleng te chu a bial zawnga hun kual ni in, thutthleng (chair) banah chuan chaw eithleng lian zet chu a thu vung ta bawk thin a ni.Hlimtaka ti ti a inkawm hlim thin na hun chuan mual min liamsan tlat tawh si a. (1985: p 342)’

Ti ti ho na nun hlimawm tak tlukchhiatna hi television in a chiah hneh tlat ram ah a langsar zual bik em em a, a mi hip tlat theihna in khawtlang a mihring inlaichinna hial a tihchhiat theihna ram ah. Khawvel a television hman nasat ber na ram, United States a mi cheng zawng zawng zat ve te chuan zanriah an ei lai pawhin television hi an en tawh a, hmun thuma thena hmun khat lai te chuan breakfast (Tukthuan) leh chhunrawl ( chhun chaw) ei lai te pawhin television hi an en thin a ni.United States ah chuan an kawppui te leh fa , chhung te nena ti ti leh inkawm hlimna hun an hman aia tam fe hi television en nan hun an hmang a ni. An kawppui te nena inkawm hlim leh ti ti nana hun an hman aia let li let nga aia tam hi television en nan an hmang a, a tlangpuiin minute 20 vel an fate nena in fiam hlim nan ni khatah hun lo hmang ta ang se la, television en nan chuan ni khatah darkar li vel hun an hmang thung thin a ni. Britain ram, television in a ram pum deuh thaw a chimpil loh chauh ah chuan, a mipui 46% te chuan nilenga hna an thawh zawha an thil tih chak ber mai chu television en a nih thu an sawi. Mahni chauha television en thin hi an pung tual tual mek bawk a. United States ah chuan television en thin hmun thum a then a hmun khat atanga a zat ve lai te hian an mah ni chauhin an en thin a, American naupang 5% (za zelah panga) te chuan an nu leh pa te tel lovin an en thin a, 32% (za zel sawmthum leh pahnih) British naupang kum thum mi lek te chuan an mahni room ah ngei a hran ngatin television hi an nei tawh a ni (Bunting-2003 leh Putnam-2000 ah te he thu hi hmuh theih a ni)

Television in mihringte rilru ngaihtuahna zawng zawng a lak pen theih nasat zia mai chu ram changkang tawh (developed country) ah chuan television en hi hun awl khawhral nan ber a an hman a ni a, a kum telin hun awl khawhral nan hian an hmang nasa tulh tulh bawk a ni. Television in thunei taka mi a hneh theihna hian vantlang nun leh khawtlang nun ho na pawimawh tak maia mahni inlak hranna a thlena; mahse, he chhiatna thalo tak mai hi mahni inchhung lumah ngawt a tawp mai lova, khawtlang leh vantlang hlimhlawp thil ah pawh a lang chiang hle a ni.He thil hi khawthlang ram (sap ram) ah chuan `Social Capital’ ti a hriat a ni. `Social Capital’ awmzia chu vantlang leh khawtlang pumpui mihringte inpawh taka nun za ho te– tum thuhmun neih tlan leh nihna thuhmun neih te a ni.Khawtlanga nun ho na nuam (Healthy Communities) chu mihring te inpawh tlanna leh lungrual taka thawh ho na tha ten an hrinchhuah a ni. Tunlai zirchianna hrang hrang atang chuan television en hi vantlang nun ho na thatak tithuanawptu a ngaih a ni ta hi a pawi hle. Robert Putnam an hetiang inkungkaihna a ziahna a langsar tak mai chu. In `Bowling Alone’, tih chipchiar taka kum zabi 20 na chawhnu lam a American ho khawtlang nun lo tluk chhiat dan a zirchianna (his encyclopaedic survey of “the collapse of American Community” in the latter half of the 20th century) ah chuan, Putnam chuan maktak maia khawtlanga inkawm khawm tel tel a nun ho za na leh inpawh tlang tak a khawsak ho na tlakhniam chak zia chu chiangtakin a tarlang a ni. Inthlanna a vote thlak atanga thiante in a len thlengin, thenrualte nena zanriah eiho atanga club zawm leh tlawmngai pawl tanpui nana sum leh pai thawh ve thlengina American ho in an lo tih fo thin chu, kum 1950 chho vela television he khawvela a rawn awm ve tak atang khan khawtlang nuna tanrualna leh thawh ho na chu a tlahniam nghal duai duai a ni. Thil tamtak ah chuan, a nihdan hi a in ang hlawm hle a—-Indopui hnulawk, kum 1957 thleng khan vantlang nuna inpawhtlanna (Social Capital) kha a thanglian ve telh telh a, chu hun chu television in ram a chiah hneh em em lai kha a ni. He hun atang hian, tihtur thil pawimawh ni a hriatna leh tehna chu maktak maiin a tlahniam a ni. He vantlang nun tlakhniam chhan hi Putam chuan hetiang hian a ziak a ni:-

`Thil hrang hrang Vantlang khawsak ho na leh khawtlang hamthat nana thawhna chungchang lo thlir a lo sawi lawk (Zirna, Thangthar nun inthlak chho zel (generation), chi (gender), sakhua, khawlen zawng, mahni hna a tihtur bat, inneihna, fate, sum leh pai lakluh, hun hman dan, in leh lo ram neitu nihna leh, a dang tamtak tiamin), te hi intihlim nan television ah an innghat bur mai hi vantlang nun tithuanawptu (civic disengagement) hrilh lawktu pawimawh tak a ni satliah ngawt lova, amah chauh hi nghet taka hrilhlawktu awm chhun ka hmuhchhuah chu a ni. (2000 : p.231-original italics).’

Putnam chuan heti hian sawi chhunzawm zelin thu tihtawpna a siama, television en nasat poh leh vantlang nuna inchiahna leh khawtlang tana thil tha tih te hi kan hlamchhiah tulh tulh thin a ni…………thildang, a tlukpui chiah chu, nitina darkar tin television kan en hian khawtlang tana kan hun leh tha kan hmanthin 10% (za zel a sawm) hi a ei hek zel a ni (p.228).

Khawtlang nuna mihringte thawh hona leh inkungkaihna pawthniam tura television thil tihtheihna hi mihringte ngaihtuahna leh bengkhawnna a lak peng sak vat theih avang a ni. Diktak chuan kan ngaihtuahna zawng zawng min lak pen sak turin kan duh em em pawh a ni bik lo a, television hmanga sumdawn hi mihring te mit lak tum rana buatsaih a nih vang zawk a ni. Chu sumdawnna kawnga hlawhtlin tum ran chuan, an programme leh thil zawrh fakmawina (advertisement) te chu a mak dangdaiin mi a hneh thei em ema————— maktak maiin mahni ngei pawh chu thil lak ata chu inthiar fihlim a harsa tawh hle thin. Diktak chuan mihringte rilru leh ngaihtuahna zawng zawng a lak pen daih theihna chu a nasat em avangin America rama rilru ngaihtuahna lama mithiam pawl (American Psychiatric Association) chuan television en hi ngawl vei theih natna a ni an ti a—- chin dawklak chhunzawm zel thin a nih avangin, a tel lova awm theilo (addict) a mi siam thei, lungawi tawk lohna a thlen tial tiala (kawng tam takah hlimna a thlen rualin hlimna famkim a pek theih miau si loh avangin hlimna kawnga duhtawklohna, lungawi loh na a thlen thin a), kalsan leh mai (break) a harsa hle thin. Sumdawnna thila tihmakmawh a nih tlat avangin (driven by commercial imperative); a cut te, endik a siam that (edit) leh a rimawi te chu an siam tawiin a rei lo ve telh telha; mahse, hriatna thil hneh thei em em mai an ni tawh thung a ni. Mipat hmeichhiatna (sex), sualna sosang (surgery) leh tharum thawhna lam te chu an langsar em em a ni.Television programme a an khawsak dan leh an hmanraw hman te chu a maksak dangdai telh telh a, a danglamin a inlumlet chak em em bawk a ni. Chu hmasawnna chaktak mai chu a thlirtute rilru leh ngaihtuahna pawhpen tum nana second tina in elna rilru rahchhuah, a thlirtute ngaihtuahna chu sumdawn nana hman tumna a ni. Chumi kaihhnawih chu tamtak he thil ngainatna atanga mihring chu khawvel a vantlang nunphung in kaihhnawih put atanga lakchhuah tum, mahse, chu chu……. (one must be noted immediately). Television en nasat hian mihringte hi thenrual te nena ti ti ho a inkawm tlanna hun min neih tlem tira, khawtlang tana an inhman theihna hun hlu a tihchhiat sak bawk a ni. Mizo te nun a thil pawimawh leh hlu tak mai chu mitin kan inngaihsak tawn tel tela, kan ti ti ho a kan inkawm ho tel tel thin hi a ni. Mi in television en nan ngawta a hun pumpui a hman chuan, mahni chauha awma television en veng veng chu an thlak hlelh ngawih ngawih avangin amah hual vel tu nunphung dang ah chuan tel ve lovin leh midangte tana an nun hmang lovin a awm phah fo thin. Thil hlauhawm tak mai chu a `slow celebration’ an ngai pawimawh lo mai theiin hnamin tihdan phunga a lo neih tawh thil hriatfiah harsa leh buaithlak zirtir a tum te chu an ngaihthah thei a ni (The danger is that they might come not to care for its slow celebration, nor attend to the complex and subtle lessons that tradition has to teach them).Khawvel pumpui ah hian mipui te hian an mahni tualchhung tawng ngei mai chu kalsanin khawvel huapa tawng lar `Cool’ chu an hmang a, a biktakin thalai te phei chu thil dangdai leh an mahni hriat than thil nilo, thil thar danglam hian a hnehin a bei mak hlawm a ni. David Korten chuan he thilin thil hlauhawmtak a rawn thlen theih chu a hnuai a mi ang hian a sawi a ni.Sumdawnna thiam thil hian nalhtak leh mawlmang tak na a nei a. Mimal nihna diktak (identity) leh thil ngaihhlut zawng innghahna lungphum Hnam nun phung (cultural symbol) chu thunun tlat chu an tum ran a. Mass-media awm hma chuan (Television te awm hma chuan), hnam nunphung innghahna chu mipui inpawh tak leh inhnaih tak te in biangbiakna , thenrual kawm thiamna leh nunphung inpawh tawnna te avanga an siam leh din a ni. Kan nihna diktak aiawhtu te an ni. Sumdawnna hmanrua television en a hun kan hman tam poh leh mihring leh mihring inpawh tawntaka hmaichhana inbiangbiak leh inkawmna hun kan hnam nunphung nihna zia leh ngaihhlutna kan pholanna, kan tihchak thar leh thin leh chhawm nun chhoh zelna hun kan hloh ve mek zel a ni. Mass media thununtu te hian hnam nunphung lairil ber lai thlengin an thunun thei chho zel a ni (1995 : p.155).

Sumdawnna hmanrua television in nghawng a neih theih te hi kan ngaihthah mai chi a ni lova, vantlang nun tlukchhiat dan zirchianna thuktak chu a ngaihnawm hle a ni, zirbing mi te chuan thil tih theihna maktak mai a neih chu an hmuchhuak a ni. Television rawn awm tak hnua khawtlang nun ho na leh thenrual in mamawh tawnna lo tlukchhiat na in a nghawng chhuah chu maktak maia thangthar te nunphung a khawih danglam thuai thuai hi a ni (inter-generational shift). Chik zawka khawvel puma he nunphung tlak chhiatna thlirna atang chuan kum upa lam deuh zawk te (television awm hma a mi puitling tak a ngaihte (upa) thu leh hla chu khawtlangah pawh ngaihhlut leh zawm thin a ni) te chuan khawtlang tan hnathawh ropui tak an nei thin . Khawtlang tana mahni tangkaina nei lem ta lo te hi sumdawnna-television nena thanglian tlat an nih loh vek pawhin nasa taka inkungkaihna (T.V en nasa ve tak te) nei tlat te an ni. He television in a thangthar zel te hnena a thil zirtir chu vantlang nun mahni leh mahni pawh mahni nihna inhriat tir duhlo tlatna leh vantlang nun ah mi tangkai ni tura thawh duh loh na hi a ni. Ngaihtuahna pawimawhtak ah chuan, television hnathawhin mi rilru hneh leh zual thei turin, television chuan khawtlanga inngaina leh inpawh tlang taka khawsak ho na vantlang nun duhawm tak chu eiral vek a tum a ni—he mi hnathawh hian television en a hun hman mi a tichak hliah hliah a ni. Vantlang tana hun leh nun hman tangkai lohna hian hnam nun duhawm leh vantlang nun hi a eichhiat mai a hlauhawm tak zet a, vantlang nun nuam leh inpawh tlanna, khawtlang hmasawn nana thawh hona tha nei thei tur chuan mipui tam zawk te mahni ngei intuai thar reng chunga thawh tang tang na ah a innghat tlat a ni. Ram leh hnam, vantlang mipui mamawh te hi ngaihsak thuai thuai a nih loh chuan tha tak a kal chhoh pui zel leh enkawl that a lo harsa thin. Thangthar nun inthlak thleng chho zel zir chianna atanga thu pawimawh tak hmuh chhuah chu television hi hnam nun phung leh zia rang, tihdan phung tha kan chin chhunzawm zel tur te thangthar zel te hnena inhlan chhoh zelna lo tibahlah tu lian ber leh thil ti thei tak a ni. Heng huam (or heng ho zing a) china television thil tih theihna tamtak hi chu speed and sensation an rinchhanna atanga rawn kal a ni. Television awm hma mihring te nundan phung chu tunlai Television hmai phe zeuh zeuh kan en tawhna nun ram nen chuan inanglo tak a ni. Television in mi a chawh phurna eng atanga nghawng lo awm chu, hnam nun zia leh chin thin dan tha pui pui te chu a lo nguai in a tlahniam telh telha hma a sawn thei lova khuahkhirh tlatin a awm a ni. Mizo te, hnam nun phung leh zia rang, chindan thin te inhlan chhoh zelna leh hriatthiam chhoh ve zelna in a kaihhnawih chu muang leh hriatthiam leh hmuhthiam harsa taka nun (life) ngaihhlutna hi a ni a, hnam tih dan phung ni tawh phawt chu thil ninawm mai ni a hriatna a awm te, changkang tawhlo leh kalsan hnu daih tawh tunlai nun phung nena inkungkaih tawhlo lutuk ni a ngaihdan, thil chaktak maia inthlak zung zung leh thil chhuak thar danglam si leh rilru mit la deuh apiang bawh huam huama lawm em em tu thangthar te rilru ah a awm tlat a ni.

TELEVISION AND ENHANCED MATERIALISM:-

Television in a nghawng hi khawtlang leh vantlang hamthat nana inhman leh thenrual te nena inkawm tlanna lam thil atanga min lakpen tak ah ngawt hian a la tawp mai lova; nunphung thar leh danglam, ngainat zawng thil thar siam turin rilru leh ngaihtuahna a la peng tel thin a ni. Television a programme buatsaihtu te`n mipuite rilru ngaihtuahna an hnehsak hi amah television programme tawpna mai a ni lova, television enkawltu te`n sum leh pai hmuh nana an sumdawnna lek zawk a ni. He sum leh paia hlawkna an hmuh tam zawk hi chu television entu te ngaihtuahna leh hun (attention) sumdawnna hmanrua a hmana a entu te rilru ah chakna (desire) thar zel an tuh a an khuahkhirha, an chakna (desire) pawh chu an siam danglam zel theih nan. Mahse, he hmanrua leh thil tumte hrefiah chiang tur chuan pumpelh kawng tawite kan zawh lawk a ngai dawn a ni

I yearn for my mother’s bread
My mother’s coffee,
My mother’s touch
And childhood grows inside me
Day upon breast of day
And i love my life because,
If i died
I’d feel shame for my mother’s tears

Take me, if one day I return
As a veil for your lashes
And cover my bones with grass
Baptised in the purity of your heel
And fasten my bonds
With a lock of hair
With a thread that trails in the train of your dress
Maybe I would become a god,
A god i’d become
If i touched the depths of your heart

Put me, if i return
As fuel in your cooking stove
As clothes- line on your rooftop,
For i have lost resolve
Without your daily Prayer
I have grown decrepit:Give me back the stars of childhood
That i may join
The young birds
On the return route
To the nest of your waiting.